The Impact Of Remuneration On The Workplace Essay - 956 Words

It is universally acknowledged that remuneration is the key to drive the employees to be more productivity, enhance job satisfaction as well as the direction that determines the organizational behaviour of one. In the early 1900s, Taylor (1903) suggested that financial incentives were significant in improving efficiency of workers. However, the role of money has been revealed that it is not the sole factor to improve worker performance, while other factors need to be considered, as such human relations and social networks in the workplace, it is evident that these have become more important nowadays. Motivation defined by Kreitner (1995) is the process that gives behaviour purpose and direction. It is also defined as psychological drives which determine the behaviour, amount of effort put and degree of persistence in the face of obstacles (Kanfer 1990). Motivation contains both intrinsic and extrinsic sources (Weddell et al. 2013 p228). Intrinsically motivated behaviours are driven f or self-interest whereby extrinsically motivated behaviour is performed to satisfy own materiality or social rewards or to avoid punishment (Weddell et al. 2013 p228). According to Herzberg s motivation theory (1968), intrinsic to work mainly promotes job content which includes responsibilities, recognition, achievement, the work itself, growth and advancement, extrinsic, on the other hand, refers to the context of the job which includes pay, company policy, administrative and so on. It isShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Within The Field Of Human Resources1657 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerns businesses faced are the quality of work life, diversity at the workplace, worth of an individual, impartiality of human resources managers, and fair remuneration of employees. These issues present challenges mainly due to attaining a balance between the interest of the organization and requirements of employees. Ranking them based on effect on productivity and organizational performance reveals th at fair remuneration concerns come first followed by impartiality of managers, then quality ofRead MoreIs Remuneration The Sole Motivator?1477 Words   |  6 Pagesof research done to answer one simple question,’Is remuneration the sole motivator in a workplace and if not is it a demotivator’.Even today the question hasn’t had a definitive answer with many arguing for and many against. But in today’s workplace even if opportunities were unlimited it will be especially hard for people to create their ideal salary.In the past people only worked for remuneration as they had much less needs and the remuneration they got was enough to satisfy their limited needsRead MoreMotivation, The, Health, And Wellness Company Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pagesindustry Nestle is a major player employing over 650 employees across the 6 sites of their business. Remuneration Remuneration is a reward for employment in the form of pay, salary, or wages, including allowances, benefits (such as company car). It can also be known as the compensation that one receives in exchange for the work or services performed. The two main types of employee remuneration are piece rate method and time rate method. Renumeration can motivate employees to be more productiveRead MoreIs Remuneration The Sole Motivator?1473 Words   |  6 Pagesof research done to answer one simple question,’Is remuneration the sole motivator in a workplace and if not is it a demotivator’.Even today the question hasn’t had a definitive answer with many arguing for and many against. But in today’s workplace even if opportunities were unlimited it will be especially hard for people to create their ideal salary.In the past people only worked for remuneration as they had much less needs and the remuneration they got was enough to satisfy their limited needsRead MoreEmplo yment Relationship Is Essential For Organizational Growth And Reputation1436 Words   |  6 PagesThe International Labor Organization (2015) defines employment relationship as a legal linkage between employees and employers that develops as an individual performs certain task within a given circumstance in exchange of remuneration. It has also been argued that employment relationships generate certain rights and obligations that are applicable on both employees and employers. The organization further points that the very existence of employment relationship forms fundamental condition for determinationRead MoreWorkplace Disputes And The Workplace Dispute1151 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement relies upon employees and employers working concurrently. However in many cases this is hard to create, this is a factor leading to workplace disputes. Workplace disputes are conflict which occurs within the workplace. They can be a result of relationships or clashes in opinions on certain task s. Indicators are used to measure the results of workplace disputes, these indicate the factors creating disputes. They include: corporate culture - how well a workforce treats one another, benchmarkingRead MoreThe Future For Trade Unions1118 Words   |  5 Pagesenforcement in the areas of wages and employment conditions. (Landau et al 2014, ) It has been argued that the Industrial Commission gave Australia both political and competitive advantage and provided both members and non-members, significant workplace gains throughout most of the 20th century. (Ref) Whilst not formally united with the Australian Labour Party (ALP), the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) has sustained close association with it. The ACTU has played a critical role in AustralianRead MoreMaterial Disclosure Of Risk Assessment And Implications Of Environmental, Social, And Governance Essay805 Words   |  4 Pagessentiment of fair valuations is to invest responsibly in the short or long-term. 1.1 ENVIRONMENT The trend is now in favour of environmental management and support for climate change control. The industry practice will vary in degree of environmental impact, and the implications as such will affect the material disclosure of each company’s report, tailored to each sector. Investors are looking for three things: track record of incidents (penalties for non-compliance, environmental provisions, licensingRead MoreHas the Development of Human Resource Management Practices Replaced the Need for Trade Unions? Discuss.1672 Words   |  7 PagesTrade unions have been a central part of the Australian workplace. The workplace however has changed over the past two decades and it is possible that the role of trade unions within the workplace has been replaced by the introduction of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. As stated by Leigh, 2005 â€Å"from 1914 until 1980, at least two in five workers were members of a union† and unionism was therefore for the most part the dominant approach, in terms of employment relations. However currentRead MoreExecutive Pay Should Be Regulated to Prevent Executives Paying Themselves Too Much1552 Words   |  7 Pagesto recession and critical competition , the performance of multinational and large organization become Important to the stakeholders and also the heavy remuneration packages of top executives become objectionable. In view of the importance of this debate, following pages present the arguments on the validity and relevance of heavy remuneration of executives and their counter arguments. According to my analysis, the executive pay should be highly regulated by board of governors and other competent

Essay on Huxleys Brave New World - 1362 Words

Although Huxleys novel is set in the far, far future, his predictions are coming into view much sooner than that. Technology has come a long way, and has given a lot of simplicity to one’s life. However, it comforted society so much that society started to depend on it too much. By depending on it too much, society allowed technology to replace the use of one’s mind. In Brave New World, Huxley predicts what is happening in today’s world and what will continue happening in the near future. In Huxley’s world, everything is based on technology and the people that live there are pretty much dehumanized. And all of this starts in small test tubes with embryos inside of them. In this society there is a social class that everyone is†¦show more content†¦Each and everyday, the American society becomes much like the one in the book, seeing sex as an everyday obsession. When thinking of progress, most people think of advances in the scientific fields, believing that most discoveries and technologies are useful to society. Are these advances as usful as most people think? Huxley warns his readers that scientific advances can be a threat to society. This is mainly clear in the fields of biology, technology and psychology. According to Huxley, The theme of Brave New World is not the advancement of science as such, it is the advancement of science as it affects human individuals(Huxley ). In the new world which Huxley creates, if there is even a bit of anger, the drug Soma is prescribed to cure the problem. If a friend were noticing your depression, they would chime in with the chant, one cubic centimetre of soma cures ten gloomy sentiments(54). This catchphrase is taught to everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Unhappiness, academic curiosity, suffering, disagreement - none of these feelings is allowed in the world which Huxley creates. At the first sign of unhappiness, Soma is prescribed. Emotions of all types are controlled to provide stability and certainty within the population. Without Soma, Huxley’s world would definitely be unstable. Soma has no side effects and Huxley describes it as â€Å"a vacation†. In today’s world with our increasing stress, andShow MoreRelatedBrave New World - Huxleys Message1253 Words   |  6 PagesA protagonist is described as the prominent character in a novel or text. In Aldous Huxley’s â€Å"Br ave New World†, John the Savage is the central protagonist opposed to Bernard Marx or Helmholtz Watson because he symbolizes cultural difference amongst the World State and the Savage Reservation. Although Bernard and Helmholtz demonstrate differences that would not be accepted in the civilized society, they are only seen as leading characters. Huxley uses John’s character to point out the short comingsRead MoreAldous Huxleys Brave New World1958 Words   |  8 Pagesabilities, which include increased attention span and cognition span. Drugs like OxyContin have also been used to help with empathy, and to make people feel happier. It may be believed that a drug like soma was only possible in Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World, but perhaps not. Utilitarian’s have been pushing for human enhancement that uses drugs, genetic engineering and nanotechnology to ensure the maximum amount of happiness possible while attempting to eliminate any pain. Proponents be lieveRead More Huxleys Brave New World Essay examples1220 Words   |  5 PagesHuxleys Brave New World Today, in 21st century United States, people are concerned with the fast pace of new and growing technology, and how these advances should be used. In the last decade alone we have seen major advancements in technology; in science, cloning has become a reality, newer, more powerful drugs have been invented and, in communications, the Internet has dominated society. There is a cultural lag due to the fast rate of increasing technology, and while the governmentsRead More Aldous Huxleys A Brave New World Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pages Aldous Huxleys A Brave New World The New World, a man-made Utopia, governed by its motto, Community, Identity, Stability (Huxley 3). A man-made world in every way. Human beings fertilized in bottles. Identity, gender, intelligence, position in society, all predestined. Human beings classified in the order of precedence: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon. Every one conditioned to be a certain way. Every one works for every one else (Huxley, 74). All man-made to ensure social stabilityRead MoreAnalysis of Aldous Huxleys Brave New World1452 Words   |  6 Pages In our world, there is a plethora of societies. Different societies have different approaches to freedom, and have different ideas of what freedom is. In our society, we are taught that freedom is something that everybody should have no matter who they are or where they are from. In A Brave New World, Huxley gives us two examples of societies. These societies are the World State and the Reservation and they both have very different types of and views on f reedom. By using these two examples and providingRead MoreEssay about Huxleys Message in Brave New World971 Words   |  4 PagesHuxleys Hidden Message Aldous Huxley has a humanistic, deep and enlightened view of how society should be, and of what constitutes true happiness. In his novel, Brave New World, he shows his ideas in a very obscure manner. Huxley presents his ideas in a satirical fashion. This sarcastic style of writing helped Huxley show his views in a very captivating and insightful manner. The entire novel describes a dystopia in which intimate relationships, the ability to choose ones destiny, and the importanceRead More Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Essay779 Words   |  4 Pages In the quot;Brave New Worldquot; of 632 A. F. (After Ford), universal human happiness has been achieved. (Well, almost.) Control of reproduction, genetic engineering, conditioning--especially via repetitive messages delivered during sleep--and a perfect pleasure drug called quot;Somaquot; are the cornerstones of the new society. Reproduction has been removed from the womb and placed on the conveyor belt, where reproductive workers tinker with the embryos to produce various grades of humanRead More Society Exposed in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesSociety Exposed in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World One may think that the society in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is a gross representation of the future, but perhaps our society isn’t that much different. In his foreword to the novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley envisioned this statement when he wrote: To make them love it is the task assigned, in present-day totalitarian states, to ministries of propaganda.... Thus, through hypnopaedic teaching (brainwashing), mandatory attendanceRead MoreEssay on Aldous Huxleys Brave New World1949 Words   |  8 Pagesof the savage reservation in New Mexico. Despite not being introduced until Chapter 7, John is seen as the centralizing character of the novel. Unlike the rest of his community, he is educated. When Lenina and Bernard come across John during their trip, they soon realize John’s biological father is the Director, Thomas. Once reaffirming this, Bernard and Lenina offer to bring John and Linda back to the World State. Hoping to connect better to the people in the World State, John gladly accepts. ItRead MoreAlcohol in Our Society; Huxleys View in Relation to Brave New World833 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol in Our Society; Huxley’s View in Relation to Brave New World Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is a science fiction book that captures both the good and bad sides of cloning and mass production of humans through science. Huxley’s book, published in 1932, conveys his well-developed and disturbingly accurate ideas about human behavior in what was then the distant future. In addition, his writing measures the capacity for which humans can obsess over not only having a perfect society

History Paper 1877 †1900 Free Essays

Over the years of 1877 to the 1900’s many changes were occurring. The Southern cities were changing faster than anyone could’ve imagined with new transportation, growing industries, and the end of slavery. Not to mention, the changing role of women. We will write a custom essay sample on History Paper 1877 – 1900 or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the New South by the year 1880, steel and iron mills were progressing across the North. Railroad construction was fast paced in the 1880s. Comparing 1880 to 1890 the tracks had doubled with Texas and Georgia having the biggest growth. In 1886, an agreement was made to have a standardized width on the railroad tracks. This would help create a national transportation system. By creating this, the increasing demand of buying and selling goods would be fulfilled at a faster pace. Also, with this new transportation came new land for families to move into for work. The textile industry was growing significantly also because more people were traveling to the South. With immigrants and Southerners needing a steady form of income entrepreneurs took on the textile business not only to build good relationships with the people of the South but also to be less dependent on capital and manufactured products from the North. Tobacco was also a growing business with Virginia leading in the sales of chewing tobacco across the nation. When the discovery of bright-leaf tobacco was made, tobacco habits were changed into the form of cigarettes by James B. Duke. He had the first cigarette-making machine installed in his plant and by the year 1900, Duke’s tobacco company was controlling eighty percent of tobacco manufacturing in the United States. With these booming industries came low wages. The South experienced a downfall with the rise they were experiencing. Since the workers of the South were poorly paid they could not afford to buy much so the market in the South for manufactured goods was kept low as was the consumer demand. Low wages only brought in immigrants that were low-skilled so skilled laborers were more likely to go north and work complicated machinery to produce high-quality goods. The South had close to no capital reserves to expand leaving Northern financers to purchase the five major rail lines serving the South at a bargain after failing during a depression in the 1870s. Since the South was such a risk to invest in the textile industry stayed small-scale. On the other hand, the South’s largest industry, the lumber industry grew. Since it required little capital and provided unskilled laborers with a job, these raw materials were quickly produced. The tobacco industry unlike the textile industry avoided some turmoil. James B. Duke’s tobacco company was profitable enough to become its own bank. With enough capital to have the latest technologies on his plants, he was fortunate enough to buy out his competitors. In the late nineteenth century women began fighting to improve the status of women, sometimes by joining with men. Because women in the South were left with providing for their families when the South lost the war, some never wanting to depend on men again and others who dealt with Southern men who were shaken by defeat, they were not as motivated to campaign reform and threaten gender role changes. Despite such battles, southern women found opportunities in schools, and stores for example that expanded their social role twenty years after 1880. Women of the South, both black and white of the middle class, played important roles in civic work and reform. These middle class women began performing in activities ranging from lobbying for various causes, taking leadership on plenty of important issues and organizing clubs. Some of the first women’s clubs starting in the 1880s were self-improvement societies that did not care for reform. Women’s clubs grew and by 1890, most towns and cities had several women’s clubs. Some of the club’s and its members even began taking part in political issues. While both black and white women had their clubs, the activities of black women’s clubs were slightly different in comparison to the white women’s clubs. Black women’s clubs looked out for the women and children in their cities, supporting daycare facilities for working mothers and settlement houses in poor black neighborhoods. They also established homes for single black women so that they would not be an easy victim to sexual exploitation. Atlanta’s Neighborhood Union founded playgrounds, a health center and also received a grant to improve black education. These women also worked for woman suffrage. While both groups of women had strong beliefs and motives to speak their minds they rarely communicated with each other. Some white women would even use racial solidarity as a weapon to promote white women’s right to vote. They did this to prove the point that with white men and women’s votes combined they could further white interests. The black generation that came of age in this environment where blacks and whites could maintain cordial relations expected many privileges in society like the right to vote, work and attend school. Among these, they also wanted self-respect, dignity and to be considered equal to the white men and women. White southerners who came of age in this same environment saw blacks as the enemy. They wanted to preserve white purity and dominance. Because the tensions between blacks and whites continued to grow, not only on the view of equality but in jobs as well, violence against black people boomed in the 1890s. Some of these violent crimes included lynching. After two of the unspoken rules had been violated the lynchings started. White men began to see themselves as protectors of the weak, but it more importantly reinforced white solidarity and reminded the blacks that white supremacy ruled the South. When the Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed freedmen the right to vote, poll taxes, literacy test, understanding clause and grandfather clause were all some of the disfranchising legislation that began to prevent blacks from voting. Blacks began moving to cities in the South where they could be somewhat free from white surveillance after feeling like American democracy had hung a â€Å"whites only† sign. Blacks began to create their own rich communities and the businesses and institutions they built during Reconstruction began to grow and some even flourish. By the year 1900, black southerners had less political power than they had before and were far more isolated from white southerners. Despite every obstacle, they were successful in building a comfortable community life and a rising middle class, all while being in a restricted environment. The changes brought over the time frame of 1877 to the 1900’s were the framework for some of the opportunities we have today. The South had plenty going on over the years, from building and trying to keep industries, to men and women moving into the Southern cities with new opportunity that their ancestors did not have and Blacks fighting for their rights when white solidarity was having such a heavy effect on their lifestyles. The South was fast growing but holding itself back with segregation, and black disfranchisement. How to cite History Paper 1877 – 1900, Essay examples

Time- Saving Technologies free essay sample

TimeThe more timesaving inventions we own, the less time we have In my essay I tried to focus on the problems of utilization of leisure time. There is no doubt that our world is constantly changing. Nowadays, modern technologies take up very important place in our lives. â€Å"The last couple of decades have witnessed a formidable growth of various time-saving technologies, ranging from advanced multi-level time managers to e-mail, voicemail, mobile telephones and word processors; and yet millions of us have never had so little time to spare as now. It may seem as if we are unwittingly being enslaved by the very technology that promised liberation. Changes which ostensibly boost efficiency and creativity may in fact do the exact opposite. † (Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. Tyranny of the moment. London: Pluto Press, 2001) Despite the fact that we have thanks to modern technologies access to a large array of information, that all of the generations before us could certainly envied us, still we are not wiser, but more confused. It does not mean that the more we know, the more we understand the world and the things around us. We have only more options than the previous generations. The aim of this work is not to find the arguments, why take a stand against progress and information society, but it is also important to understand its unintended consequences. 2. History Nowadays, there are many writings, referring to this issue. Thus, to what extent perfect instruments we have, and how much less we manifest our own effort in searching of new information, we will cease to develop our own ideas, and we become the only beings consuming foreign opinion. As Eriksen claims, in our society, everything is running at high speed, but only a few things are actually moving forward. A lot of new things wait for us every day and we have to deal with them. The company is becoming more consumerist; because it just takes the information published anywhere. Thanks to the commonness and the system of modern technologies, only a few people consider about their actual content. In order to move on, we have to recall the basic historical context. As I have described above, the problem of our society is particularly its general acceleration. As remind Eriksen, this is connected with the invention of the telegraph and the steam engine. As well as these inventions affect the life of the inhabitants at the time of its expansion, resources to help you work affect life in the present time. People, who work in the field of information technologies and are directly affected by this progress, live in constant haste and with a sense that their working hours are overcrowded and the time scrappy. The pace is so high that, in many cases, it affects family life. Another example is the invention of the typewriter, whose original meaning was only facilitating the writing strongly visually impaired people. Yet his discovery increases the number of texts, which publishing became simpler. Once again, however, this is a type of progress, which leads society to a further and even greater acceleration. To get nearer in the past, we discover the age of computers. For a few years has spread to nearly every office, some people even had the opportunity to have it at home. Ten years later, it was also a rapid expansion of the internet. In the last twenty years, the Czech Republic has been also changed in almost all areas. Also interest in modern technologies grew up. In the last two decades, the internet became one of the most widely used means of communication between humans. â€Å"Between 2005- 2009, in the Czech Republic almost doubled the number of its users (32% in 2005 and 60% in 2009). The number of users increased throughout the European Union (65% in 2009). Email has been in the last 5 years the most popular form of communication on the internet. In 2005, through her to interact with 84% of users, with a growing number of Internet users has been growing the number of email users (in 2009 it is send 91% of Internet users, 88% of the EU total). The United States, Canada and the Scandinavian countries rank among the countries with the highest proportion of users. And the availability of information from any place of the globe is one of the cognitive characters of the information society. †(Eurostat, Community survey on ICT usage in households and by individuals, 2010) 3. The power of information technologies Information technologies and technologies are very important in all types of production. Lets imagine. One day, we would be separated from all the inventions of the last few decades. Lets have a think about what would happen if all the computers in the world stopped working. It would be a huge problem in hospitals, airports, we ourselves could feel it extensively in daily life. The fact that we are totally dependent on modern technologies is indisputable. When we talk about the information society, it should be mentioned how this society affects in many ways so many people who are in it. In the introduction I have already mentioned that in our surrounding is a vast amount of information with which we must cope every day. We are not suffering from â€Å"hunger for information†, rather the contrary. We have so much of information, and what is the most difficult, the ability to choose the ones that are really important. How easily distinguish the information relevant from the irrelevant, the useful from the useless. 4. Fast- moving times Despite the fact that day of each of us has 24 hours, only a few of us use his free time truly effectively. Here we can see the side effects of modern technologies. As Eriksen says, the generation of our parents grew up with a few television programs, but the television today is thanks to the diversity of channels completely different. Not really at the end of the last century no one could have argued that the most active users of mobile phones will be in a few years’ young people. We have unlimited possibilities, so many ways how to be informed. The problem remains that the information published on the Internet make extremely dense and unclear networkâ€Å", which is constantly growing. The unintended consequence of this system is the fact that the more diverse articles about everything are available to us, the less we understand the true nature of each problem. As Eriksen proclaims, if there were fewer articles, we had more time for each and we could become real experts on the issue. It is possible to think quickly, but some of the ideas may arise only when you are ruminating with slowness. Slow time is not the same as a lot of the time. Read and understand moderately long poem will not take more than a couple of minutes, but you need to do it slowly. It is a problem of todays hurried time. We are coming back to the introductory sentence of this paragraph, which draws attention to the possibilities of utilization of time. How we can ideally spread that 24 hours. As evidence the scientific researches, most of us use only a fraction of their time effectively. That divides people into successful and unsuccessful. The better use of our time means that we are more productive and our work is more efficient. 5. Work efficiency „Effectiveness  is the capability of producing a desired result. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression. â€Å" http://en. wikipedia. org It is time for the question. Does life in the information society with highly developed technologies truly brings the work efficiency. In my opinion, modern technologies are extremely important, and in many aspects make work easier, but sometimes ironically lead to the phenomenon when the technology of efficiency is against his original intention. For clarification, the invention of the mobile phone saves us undoubtedly a lot of time. In other words, it ensures flexibility and control. Unfortunately, and it reminds Eriksen, this type of flexibility, which raises the expectation that everybody can be reached anytime and anywhere. As Eriksen says, as long as is a few callers, the technique works as a great helper, saving time and labor. But in time when the number of callers exceeds a fixed threshold, the result is opposite. Conclusion â€Å"It has been computed by some political arithmetician that if every man and woman would work for four hours each day on something useful, that labour would produce sufficient to procure all the necessaries and comforts of life †¦ and the rest of the 24 hours might be leisure and happiness. † http://blogs. reuters. com Benjamin Franklin dreamed about technological progress in 18th century, he believed in humanity progress, but he was mistaken. Despite the fact that the human race makes great headway in technologies, we work more and more and we have less free time. Our imagination of real values, real liberty, is mainly connected with money and success. Thomas N. Carver asks the question: â€Å"Is it better to give priority to increasing prosperity, or leisure time? † In my opinion, many people share belief that the first variant is better. Many people prefer make money at the expanse of their free time. And if they decided to spend their leisure time, they often only watch television to the exclusion of improves own personality. Nowadays, we have access to a large array of information, but we have because of ubiquitous technologies problems to find enough time to deal with them. There are again the unintended consequences of modern technologies. Computer may save our time, work; but very important condition for success is the continuous concentration on things we want. Refuse to be distracted by the technologies and things around us. To sum it up, the timesaving inventions facilitate our work, but it is often to the exclusion of our time. Seznam zdroju: pripojim pozdeji 🙂

The Role of Founding Fathers in American Society and Religion

The debates of whether faith groups and institutions should/should not be allowed to actively participate in the ongoing construction of the America’s public sphere continue to have a strong effect on the realities of a contemporary living in this country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Founding Fathers in American Society and Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the main aspects of these debates is that, while striving to promote their point of view on the concerned subject matter, the proponents of both diametrically opposite approaches often make references to what used to be the opinions of the Founding Fathers, in this respect. As a result, Founding Fathers are being often regarded as both: the opponents of the idea that religion should be incorporated into the country’s public life, as its integral component, and this idea’s advocates. This, of course, contribut es substantially to the fact that, as of today, American citizens remain rather divided in their opinions as to what kind of a role should religion play in the society. However, while indulging in the earlier mentioned debates, the proponents of both approaches seem to remain unaware that, during the course of the last century, the American society has undergone a dramatic transformation. This is why, as of today, the validity of the Founding Fathers’ insights, in regards to the issue of religion, cannot be discussed outside of what accounts for the qualitative aspects of the era of post-modernity. In this paper, I will explore the validity of the above-suggestion at length, while arguing that the constitutional principle of the separation between Church and State remains thoroughly valid and that the so-called ‘people of faith’ will be much better off not meddling in the country’s public affairs. The main argument, to which religious Americans refer, whil e trying to prove the legitimacy of their claim that they should be allowed to exert a strong influence on the process of a political/social decision-making in America, is that the First Amendment to the U.S.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Constitution clearly entitles Americans with the right to practice their religious beliefs freely, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (First Amendment, 2013, para. 1). The same Amendment also guarantees that, regardless of what happened to be the specifics of people’s religious affiliation, they will not be discriminated against. Another common argument, brought forward by religious citizens, in defense of their claim that they have the right to influence the government’s functioning, is that initially, the overwhelming majority of early Ameri can settlers consisted of bible-thumping Protestants. Even the majority of liberally minded Founding Fathers and most prominent American intellectuals, affiliated with them, were formally religious. For example, as Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur pointed out, â€Å"As Christians†¦ our thoughts are left to God† (1781, para. 7). Nevertheless, it often skips the religious people’s attention that back in the early days of America, the measure of one’s religious faithfulness used to be considered reflective of the extent of his or her existential industriousness. The reason for this is simple – Protestants do not really need God as their ultimate benefactor, but rather as some distant authority that does not intervene in their lives actively. This is the reason why Protestants believe that it is when they are being fully self-reliant that makes God to love them – hence, allowing believers to enjoy a financial prosperity. This explains why, as opposed to what it is being the case with Catholics, who tend to rely on ‘God’s graces’, while dealing with life-challenges, many Protestants find it intellectually repulsive to even annoy God with excessive prayers. According to Emerson, â€Å"Prayer looks abroad and asks for some foreign addition to come through some foreign virtue, and loses itself in endless mazes of natural and supernatural, and mediatorial and miraculous† (1841, para. 42). Thus, it appears that even the America’s early intellectuals, whose writings contributed immensely towards setting this country on the path of a rapid socio-cultural and technological development, did not have any illusions as to the counter-beneficiary essence of the religious believers’ primary activity – a prayer.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Founding Fathers in American Society and Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page L earn More In the previously quoted article, de Crevecoeur suggested that, â€Å"The rewards of his (American citizen’s) industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor; his labor is founded on the basis of nature, SELF-INTEREST†¦ Religion demands but little of him; a small voluntary salary to the minister†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (para. 4). Therefore, there can be only a few doubts that, even as early as during the course of the 18th century, the American society had been already de facto secularized. This simply could not be otherwise, because as sociologists are being well aware of, the actual strength of people’s sense of religiosity negatively relates to the quality of their living standards. In plain words – the more enjoyable happened to be one’s life, the less likely he or she would be willing to contemplate on the issue of divinity, and vice versa. Because, upon having arrived to the New World, European settlers realized that the whole une xplored and resource-rich continent was at their disposal, there is nothing too odd about the fact that, as compared to the living standards in Europe, the living standards in America were much higher – even as far back as a few centuries ago. Therefore, contrary to what the country’s religious citizens believe, the America’s greatness has been predetermined by the objective laws of history, which have nothing to do with the notion of a religious faith. The same laws presupposed the eventual emergence of the theory of a ‘social contract’ (initially articulated by John Locke), which even today remains a discursive foundation, upon which the America’s continual prosperity firmly rests. According to the theory’s foremost provision, all the citizens are absolutely equal, in the social sense of this word, â€Å"Creatures of the same species and rank, promiscuously born to all the same advantages of nature, and the use of the same faculties , should also be equal one amongst another without subordination or subjection† (Locke, 1689, papa. 2).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apparently, as they were becoming ever more intellectually enlightened, it was only natural for Americans to come to the eventual realization of the fact that there can be no rationale in providing some of the society’s members with special rights and privileges while denying the same opportunity to others. Yet, it is specifically the religious people’s belief in their ‘specialness’, which constitutes their main psychological trait, as individuals – this is especially being the case with the affiliates of monotheistic religions, such as Christianity, Judaism and Islam. For example, even today it represents a commonplace among religious Jews and fundamentalist Christians to think of themselves as ‘chosen people’, who can justify even the most despicable behavior, on the part, by saying ‘God wills it’. What it means is that people’s right to enjoy the freedom of religious expression and their right to take an active pa rt in the society’s functioning are mutually incompatible. The reason for this is simple – the society’s continual stability is ensured by people’s willingness to enter into ‘social contracts’ with each other, which in turn presupposes a certain degree of an intellectual flexibility, on their part. However, as we well know, strongly religious people can be referred to as anything but intellectually flexible. Therefore, after having been allowed to form political parties, as the part of taking a practical advantage of their constitutionally guaranteed rights, religious individuals will inevitably concern themselves with trying to limit the rights of others. The suggestion that faith groups should be in the position of influencing the government/society will also appear discursively inconsistent, once we take into consideration the qualitative dynamics within the American society. After all, it does not account for any secret that, as of today, this society is becoming increasingly multicultural – the process that has direct implications, in regards to how the society’s members go about practicing their religions, because one’s sense of religiosity cannot be discussed outside for what accounts for the concerned individual’s ethno-cultural affiliation. For example, the majority of practicing Christians in the U.S. are Whites. This partially explains why, despite the fact many American Christians remain thoroughly convinced that they act in exact accordance with how Jesus would like them to, this is far from being the actual case – the genetically predetermined workings of the White people’s mentality cause their religious longings to be artificial to an extent. This is exactly the reason why American Christians consist of predominantly older people, who attend Church once per week, while trying not to asleep there during the sermon. Therefore, there is nothing odd about the claims that, as of today, the religion of Christianity in America is effectively ‘dying’. However, the same cannot be said about the religion of Islam, for example – the bulk of American Muslims accounts for comparatively young people, who bend down on their knees and pray Allah five times per day, regardless of where the ‘prayer time’ finds them. What it means is that in the future, it is specifically the representatives of the world’s ‘alive’ monotheistic religions (such as Islam), the population of which in America grows rather rapidly due to the institutialization of the ‘celebration of diversity’ policy, that will strive to influence the society more than the representatives of any other religions. Therefore, the government’s hypothetical decision to allow faith groups to take an active part in influencing the process of the country’s domestic policies being designed will create objective preconditions for America to be set on the path of Islamization – just as it happened in Britain a few decades ago. Then, it will be only the matter of time, before Muslim believers would begin demanding the incorporation of the Sharia Laws, as the integral part of the America’s legal system – hence, causing this country to put away with the ideals of democracy, once and for all. Given the fact that America currently remains in the state of a ‘cold war’ with the Muslim world, the faith groups’ claims that they should be allowed to have their voices heard in the public sphere can be well-referred to, as such that correlate well with the agenda of the agents of foreign influence in the country. Therefore, there is nothing ‘unconstitutional’ about the government’s strive to limit the scope of socio-political influence, on the part of faith groups – by acting in such a manner, the government is being driven by the considerations of nati onal security. This once again points out to the fact that under no circumstances may the principle of the separation between Church and State be claimed counterproductive by religious citizens, whose primary agenda is being concerned with nothing less than reversing the course of the historical progress backward. The final argument against ‘sacralization’, which can be brought forward by those citizens that understand the whole scope of threats, associated with allowing faith groups to influence the society’s functioning, rests on the assumption that responsible policy-makers must be capable of coming up with discursively justified/wise decisions, which will prove beneficial to the society’s functioning in the long run. The fact that, as practice shows, the government’s wise decisions rarely enjoy popularity among ordinary citizens, should not be affecting the policy-makers’ ability to act wisely. The reason for this is that, as Socrates poi nted out in the famous dialogue ‘Crito’, â€Å"By acting under the advice of those who have no understanding, we destroy that which is improved by health and is deteriorated by disease† (Plato, 46b-49a). In light of the recent discoveries in the fields of physics, biology and psychology, and also in light of what we know about the bloody history of monotheistic religions, one’s strong affiliation with a particular religious faith cannot be referred to as anything, but the indication that the concerned individual never ‘grew up’, while continuing to remain cognitively infantile. In fact, this would be the best-case scenario, as one’s serious belief in the religious fables about talking donkeys, women’s impregnation by ‘holy ghosts’ and the sun standing still in the sky can be well regarded as the proof of the individual’s mental inadequacy. We certainly do not allow violently minded lunatics, endowed with the M essianic complex, to roam free out on the street, as it would endanger the society’s healthy members. Why should be religious fanatics treated differently – not to mention allowing them to form political parties? Whatever the politically incorrect it may sound, but religion does deserve to be deemed in terms of a ‘mind disease’ – one should only attend the gathering of Christian ‘snake-handlers’ or Pentecostals, for example, in order to confirm the full legitimacy of this statement. Therefore, it will only be natural limiting the scope of religious citizens’ rights – just as it is being the case with people who undergo a psychiatric treatment. This would benefit religious individuals in more ways than just one, even though that, while remaining in the state of a religious arrogance, they may not like it. I believe that the deployed line of argumentation, in defense of the idea that faith groups should not be allowed to gai n influence in the society, is fully consistent with the paper’s initial thesis. By not attempting to gain such an influence, the members of these groups would be acting in full accordance with the religion’s main theological postulate that the secular world is not worthy for believers to focus their attention upon and that they should be concerned with trying to come to the ‘kingdom of heaven’, as their foremost priority in life. References de Crevecoeur, H. (1781). Letter III. What is an American. Web. Emerson, R. (1841). Self-reliance. Web. First Amendment. (2013). Web. Locke, J. (1689). Second treatise of civil government: Chapter 2. Web. Plato. Crito. Web. This essay on The Role of Founding Fathers in American Society and Religion was written and submitted by user Johnathan Knight to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Thomas Hardy analysis of three poems Essay Example

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